The Euler buckling theory makes no allowance for:

  1. Homogeneity of column material.
  2. Isotropy of column material.
  3. Variation of Young’s modulus and elastic-plastic behaviour of column material.
  4. Loading not axial.
  5. Residual stresses.
  6. Lack of straightness of a column.
  7. Cross-section of a column not rectangular.
  8. Local buckling.
  9. Alternative end conditions to a column.