Relative deformation capacities of the elements in the load path:
- Plates in bending. Relatively large elastic deformation. Large deformation capacity when plastic hinges form.
- Plates in tension and plates in compression with “plastic” cross-section. Small elastic deformation. Reasonable plastic deformation.
- Butt welds. Deformation occurs in plate adjacent to weld.
- Bolts. Some plastic deformation (but deformation capacity dependent upon number of threads in the grip length).
- Fillet welds. End fillet welds have very little deformation capacity.