EK619
In structures subject to a very large number of cycles of fluctuating load, typically at least 100000 load applications, failure may occur by the continued growth of cracks in the […]
EK573
Although steel tension members can sustain loads up to the ultimate load without failure, the elongation of the members at this load would be nearly 10-15% of the original length […]
EK570
Parallel to its grain, wood is very strong in tension. Failure occurs by a combination of cell-to-cell slippage and cell wall failure. In contrast, perpendicular to grain, wood is very […]
EK556
Non-linear geometric effects in a slender column may lead to a stability failure which can occur well before material strength has been reached.
EK543
When the pull on the bar is small, high stresses develop near the loaded end of the bar; some slip of the bar occurs as adhesion between the bar and […]
EK472
Creep rates increases with higher stresses and temperatures. With lower stresses and temperatures, creep rates decrease but failure usually occurs at lower overall strains.
EK471
Figure illustrates typical creep behavior. As soon as the load is applied, there is an instantaneous elastic response, followed by period of transient creep. Initially the rate is high, but […]
EK468
Strategies available for limiting damage arising from accidental actions are: Enhancement of continuity. This strategy consists of the provision of increases in the resistance of the joints of structural members […]
EK431
The response of the beam remains linear and elastic almost to the stage when the stress in the extreme fibre has reached the value of the yield stress. From there […]
EK372
The behaviour of a girder under an increasing shear load may be divided into the three phases: Unbuckled. The situation prior to buckling when equal tensile and compressive principal stresses […]
EK356
For many brittle materials, failure occurs when the maximum normal stress in any direction reaches either the tensile or compressive strength of the material.
EK335
Some brittle materials, such as cast-iron and concrete, contain large numbers of microscopic cracks in their structures. These are believed to give rise to high stress concentrations, thereby causing local […]
EK319
Maximum shear strain energy theory (Mises and Henkey’s theory) states that the failure takes place when the shear strain energy in a complex system becomes equal to that in simple […]
EK318
Maximum strain energy theory (Haigh’s theory) is based on the principle that the work done in bringing a body to a particular state is independent of the method applied to […]
EK317
According to maximum principal strain theory (St. Venant’s theory), the maximum principal strain in the complex stress system must be less than the elastic limit in simple tension if there […]
EK316
Maximum shear stress theory (Guest’s and Tresca’s theory) states that the failure occurs when the maximum shear stress at the elastic limit in simple tension. This theory is preferred in […]
EK315
According to maximum principal stress theory (Rankine’s theory) the failure of material will occur when the maximum principal stress in the complex stress system attains the value of the maximum […]
EK298
When amount of shear reinforcement provided is small, failure due to yielding of web steel may be expected, but if the amount of shear reinforcement is too high, a shear-compression […]
EK240
The concrete specimen under axial compression may fail in the separation into columnar pieces by what is known as splitting, or columnar fracture. This failure occurs when the strength of […]
EK239
The concrete specimen under axial compression may fail in shear. Resistance to failure is due to both cohesion and internal friction.
EK222
It is tacitly assumed that collapse in plastic methods is due to the formation of plastic hinges at certain locations and that other possible causes of failure, for example, local […]
EK191
Cementatious materials such as in-situ mortar, fine concrete or grouting are often used in the joints between load bearing elements. The nominal thickness is about 10 to 30 mm for […]
EK178
A badly designed and/or badly detailed precast building is susceptible to progressive collapse which is a chain reaction failure causing extensive damage or total collapse as a result of localized […]
EK152
The simple joint should therefore have sufficient rotation capacity to permit member end rotations to occur without causing failure of the joint or its elements.
EK144
In many practical tension members with more than one row of holes, the reduction in the cross-sectional area may be reduced by staggering the rows of holes. In this case, […]
EK130
Structural steel may fracture at low average tensile stresses after a large number of cycles of fluctuating load. This high-cycle fatigue failure is initiated by local damage caused by the […]
EK88
Have a rectangular slab simply supported along each edge, carrying a uniformly distributed load throughout. The slab is assumed to be of constant depth and reinforced in each direction parallel […]
EK70
For some materials such as concrete in a simple compression test, there is a region beyond the failure or peak point in which the slope of the stress-strain curve is […]
EK69
For most materials after the initial yield point has been reached,the stress-strain curve continues to rise although the slope becomes progressively less, until the slope falls to zero as failure […]
EK64
Two failure modes can be identified for hanger-type connections: formation of plastic hinges in the tee flange or angle leg at cross-sections 1 and 2, and tensile failure of the […]