reduction

EK192

Although the mortar, grout or fine concrete is in a highly confined state under predominantly plane stress conditions and should achieve compressive strength higher than fcd, a low design strength […]

EK144

In many practical tension members with more than one row of holes, the reduction in the cross-sectional area may be reduced by staggering the rows of holes. In this case, […]

EK113

Redistribution of moments has the following advantages: Reduction in absolute maximum design moment and hence reduction in cross-section (depth in case of slabs). Equalization of span moment and support moment […]