EK573
Although steel tension members can sustain loads up to the ultimate load without failure, the elongation of the members at this load would be nearly 10-15% of the original length […]
EK564
As loading increases, extensive microcracking intersects primary and secondary cracks and may create cracked zone. Eventually, transfer of a tensile concrete force to the steel becomes ineffective.
EK561
Tension stiffening is only effective if a bond mechanism can transfer a tensile force between the steel and surrounding tensile concrete. The nature of the bond mechanism also changes at […]
EK550
The bond strength of the specimen with no duct is actually higher than that of the specimens with plastic duct. Reductions in bond strength relative to the steel duct specimen […]
EK541
Passive confinement is engaged only after crack deformations in the concrete ring develop that induce tension forces in the surrounding steel. The surrounding steel restricts the propagation and widening of […]
EK418
SOFTWARE: A3C: ArcelorMittal Columns Calculator DEVELOPER: CTICM LINK: https://constructalia.arcelormittal.com/en/tools/software PLATFORM: Windows MAIN APPLICABILITY: Software for detailed design verification of a single steel member (beam or column) or a composite steel-concrete […]
EK401
The danger of brittle fracture is increased when the ductility of steel is reduced by: suppression of yield deformations, as may be caused by triaxial stressing; the use of relatively […]
EK382
In a fixed connection provided that reasonable load paths are assumed, the ductility of the steel should accommodate any inaccuracy in the load distribution used for analysis. For example, if […]
EK278
The joint behavior of steel and concrete in a reinforced concrete member is based on the fact that a bond is maintained between the two materials after the concrete hardens. […]
EK275
Main cracks develop at a later stage than secondary cracks. They are caused by difference in strains in steel and concrete at the section considered.
EK268
The design of a D-region includes the following steps: Define and isolate each region. Determine the resultant forces acting on each D-region boundary. Select a truss model to transfer the […]
EK258
Creep tends to be smaller for higher proportion or better distribution of steel.
EK147
As the load on a ductile steel beam is increased, the stresses in the beam also increase, until the yield stress is reached. With further increases in the load, yielding […]
EK137
Theoretically, a member can only behave linearly while the maximum stress does not exceed the yield stress, and so the presence of residual stresses or stress concentrations will cause early […]
EK135
More serious are cracks which propagate at high speed in a brittle (or unstable) fashion, for which some of the internal elastic strain energy stored in steel is released and […]
EK134
Once initiated, the crack may propagate in a ductile (or stable) fashion for which the external forces must supply the energy required to tear the steel.
EK130
Structural steel may fracture at low average tensile stresses after a large number of cycles of fluctuating load. This high-cycle fatigue failure is initiated by local damage caused by the […]
EK129
The steel remains elastic while in linear range, and recovers perfectly on unloading. The limit of the linear elastic behaviour is often closely approximated by the yield stress. Beyond this […]
EK128
Initially the steel has a linear stress-strain curve whose slope is the Young’s modulus of elasticity.
EK59
Being a good conductor of heat, the steel will reach the same temperature as the fire surrounding it and transfer the heat away from the area to affect other remote […]
EK58
The yield strength of steel at 20 degrees Celsius is reduced by about 50% at 550 degrees Celsius and at 1000 degrees Celsius it is 10% or less of its […]
EK54
Cold worked steel members are more affected by increased temperature. Connections should be checked for thread stripping and general soundness. An approximate guide is that connections heated to 450 degrees […]