EK597
Since it is impossible to quantify the variations in geometric imperfections, accidental eccentricity, residual stresses and material properties, it is impossible to calculate with certainty, the greatest reduction in strength […]
EK579
The limit state design method is essentially based on the concept of probability. Its basic feature is to consider the possibility and probability of the collapse load. In this respect, […]
EK577
The effects of shear lag, and hence the strength reduction, is higher when the ratio of the area of the outstanding leg to the total area of cross-sectionincreases.
EK552
Strength and stiffness does not appear to be sensitive to the spacing of the ducts.
EK549
The initial stiffness and strength of the specimen with galvanized steel duct are greater than those with plastic ducts. Reductions in strength relative to the steel duct specimen are 18% […]
EK356
For many brittle materials, failure occurs when the maximum normal stress in any direction reaches either the tensile or compressive strength of the material.
EK299
In general, the contribution of shear reinforcement to the shear strength of a reinforced concrete beam can be described as follows: It resists part of the shear. It increases the […]
EK262
The effect of temperatures below 250 degrees Celsius is small on concrete, but definite loss of strength is expected at higher temperatures.
EK261
A reduction of up to 30% of the strength of unreinforced concrete may be expected when concrete is subjected to a concentric sustained load for 1 year.
EK254
Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load.
EK240
The concrete specimen under axial compression may fail in the separation into columnar pieces by what is known as splitting, or columnar fracture. This failure occurs when the strength of […]
EK237
Under sustained loads for years, the ultimate strength of concrete is reduced by about 30%.
EK236
The strength of concrete increases with age, and hydration of cement continues for months. For normal portland cement, the increase of strength with time, relative to 28-day strength may be […]
EK235
A water-cement ratio of 0,5-0,7 may produce a concrete strength of about 35 MPa and 20 MPa respectively.
EK234
A water-cement ratio of 0,25-0,35 may produce a concrete strength of about 40 MPa.
EK209
It is not practical, nor is it economically possible, to design a structure that will never fail. It is always possible that the structure will contain material that is less […]
EK175
A strength gain is possible with plates in shear where tension field action is considered. Thin unstiffened plates cannot carry much load after buckling. The critical buckling stress is increased […]
EK173
A joint which cannot be classified as either nominally pinned or full strength is classified as partial strength.
EK172
A joint may be classified as nominally pinned if its design moment resistance is not greater than 0,25 times that required for a full strength joint, provided it has sufficient […]
EK171
A joint may be classified as full strength if its design moment resistance is not less than that of the connected members.
EK149
If the beam was statically indeterminate, the plastic hinge does not reduce it to a mechanism, and it can support any additional load. This additional load causes a redistribution of […]
EK116
Reinforcement will retain about 50% of its normal strength after reaching about 550 degrees Celsius, while for pre-stressing tendons the corresponding temperature is only 400 degrees Celsius.
EK115
Although concrete has low thermal conductivity, and thus good resistance to temperature rise, the strength begins to drop significantly at temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius and it has a tendency […]
EK92
The ductility of a metal ensures the structural strength of elements under a load and neutralizes the effect of stress concentration.
EK81
Plastic moment is the moment resistance of a fully yielded cross-section, The cross-section must be fully compact to develop its plastic strength. The component plates of a section must not […]
EK54
Cold worked steel members are more affected by increased temperature. Connections should be checked for thread stripping and general soundness. An approximate guide is that connections heated to 450 degrees […]